Journal: Cell

Article Title: Reducing Pericyte-Derived Scarring Promotes Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Local Photoactivation of ChR2-Expressing CST Axon Terminals Generates Postsynaptic Activity in Local Spinal Neurons (A) Schematic depicting the strategy used to label the CST. (B–E) Sagittal view of the brain (B–D) and spinal cord (D and E) 4 weeks after bilateral injection of AAV9-CAG-ChR2-GFP into layer V of the sensorimotor cortex demonstrating the effective expression of the opsin throughout the neurospinal axis. (C) Membrane-bound ChR2-GFP expression in pyramidal neurons. Asterisk in (B) depicts viral injection sites. White and yellow arrowheads in (D) point at the decussation of CST at the lower brainstem level and axons projecting down the spinal cord, respectively. (F) Experimental outline illustrating the strategy employed to photoactivate ChR2-GFP + CST axon terminals in the cervical spinal cord rostral to the lesion combined with recordings of local spinal neurons in anesthetized Glast-Rasless mice injected with AAV9-CAG-ChR2-GFP in the sensorimotor cortex. (G) Average Z firing rate of spinal units in response to spinal illumination. Photoactivation of ChR2-GFP + CST axon terminals elicits postsynaptic responses in spinal neurons rostral to the lesion. (H) Representative spike trace from a spinal unit rostral to the lesion showing robust and time-locked recruitment upon photoactivation. (I–L) Peri-event raster plots (I and K) and histograms (J and L) showing 2 examples of light-driven recruitment of new, previously silent, spinal units upon photoactivation. (M–P) Peri-event raster plots (M and O) and histograms (N and P) of 2 light-driven spinal units that increased firing rate upon photoactivation. For illustration of bilateral virus tracing in (A) and (F), injections into the left and right hemispheres of the brain are represented as bright and faded green color, respectively. Blue bars/lines represent 473 nm optical stimulation. Photostimulation in (G)–(P): 473 nm light, 5 mW, 3 ms pulses, 10 or 20 Hz. Insets in (H), (I), and (K) show spontaneous (gray) or light-evoked (blue) spike waveforms of recorded spinal neurons. Insets in (M) and (O) show spike waveforms of recorded spinal neurons before (gray), during (blue) or after (black) photostimulation. Before, 1 s before illumination; light, 1 s during illumination; after, 1 s post illumination. Scale bars, 2 mm (B), 1 mm (D), 200 μm (C and E). Data shown as mean ± SEM. n = 8 neurons in (G). ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 by paired Student’s t test. See also and .

Article Snippet: Donkey anti guinea pig Alexa Fluor 647 , Jackson Immunoresearch , 706-606-148; RRID: AB_2340477.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Injection, Membrane, Virus

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Repetitive Diffuse Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Causes an Atypical Astrocyte Response and Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1067-18.2018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Manufacturer information, working dilutions and resource identification numbers for primary and secondary antibodies used for immunohistochemistry

Article Snippet: Guinea pig Alexa Fluor-647 , Jackson Immuno Research , 106-606-003 , AB_2337449 , Goat , Polyclonal , 1:1000.

Techniques: Concentration Assay